See violence in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "violence"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fro:violence",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *wéyh₁s\nProto-Italic *wīs\nLatin vīs\nLatin violēns\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nLatin violentiabor.\nOld French violencebor.\nMiddle English violence",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "violence"
},
"expansion": "Old French violence",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "violentia"
},
"expansion": "Latin violentia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *wéyh₁s\nProto-Italic *wīs\nLatin vīs\nLatin violēns\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nLatin violentiabor.\nOld French violencebor.\nMiddle English violence\nFrom Old French violence, from Latin violentia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "violens",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vyolence",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vyolens",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vyalens",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wiolence",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "violense",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "violence",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "violence (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Violence (harmful manual force) or an example of it."
],
"id": "en-violence-enm-noun-XBKTcFuS",
"links": [
[
"Violence",
"violence#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 5 6 2 12 1 1 3 10 4 7 15 16 1 4 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 49 4 5 10 21 0 0 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "enm:Nature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A harmful force of nature; great natural force."
],
"id": "en-violence-enm-noun-VvdDWsAG",
"links": [
[
"force of nature",
"force of nature"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Divine or religious force or strength."
],
"id": "en-violence-enm-noun-qUT2MA98",
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The force or power of one's feelings or mental state."
],
"id": "en-violence-enm-noun-lqQG2~dF",
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"power",
"power"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 6 8 2 18 1 1 4 4 5 5 12 14 1 6 8 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 6 2 12 1 1 3 10 4 7 15 16 1 4 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 7 2 14 2 2 3 3 6 7 10 17 2 5 11 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 6 2 15 2 2 4 4 5 5 11 18 2 5 9 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 58 42 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "enm:Government",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Powerful or forceful movement or mobility."
],
"id": "en-violence-enm-noun-Jez7mULa",
"links": [
[
"mobility",
"mobility"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 6 8 2 18 1 1 4 4 5 5 12 14 1 6 8 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 6 2 12 1 1 3 10 4 7 15 16 1 4 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 7 2 14 2 2 3 3 6 7 10 17 2 5 11 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 6 2 12 2 2 3 3 5 7 12 18 2 4 13 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 4 2 8 1 1 2 2 4 11 15 23 1 3 17 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 6 2 15 2 2 4 4 5 5 11 18 2 5 9 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 9 9 16 27 3 9 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 6 10 19 25 2 6 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 4 13 17 32 3 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Misrule or malgovernance; abuse of authority."
],
"id": "en-violence-enm-noun-J4bpGfRn",
"links": [
[
"malgovernance",
"malgovernance"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Beneficial manual force."
],
"id": "en-violence-enm-noun-Og2StvC1",
"links": [
[
"manual",
"manual"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Beneficial manual force."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The strength of an ache."
],
"id": "en-violence-enm-noun-C5onLdsO",
"links": [
[
"ache",
"ache"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The strength of an ache."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 5 6 2 12 1 1 3 10 4 7 15 16 1 4 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 7 2 14 2 2 3 3 6 7 10 17 2 5 11 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The whims of chance."
],
"id": "en-violence-enm-noun-etLATZ~f",
"links": [
[
"chance",
"chance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The whims of chance."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌviːɔlˈɛns(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌviːəlˈɛns(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/viəlˈɛns(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈviːəlɛns(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "violence"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyh₁-",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Old French entries with etymology trees",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms borrowed from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Old Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyh₁-",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Government",
"enm:Nature",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Violence"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "violence"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fro:violence",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *wéyh₁s\nProto-Italic *wīs\nLatin vīs\nLatin violēns\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nLatin violentiabor.\nOld French violencebor.\nMiddle English violence",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "violence"
},
"expansion": "Old French violence",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "violentia"
},
"expansion": "Latin violentia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *wéyh₁s\nProto-Italic *wīs\nLatin vīs\nLatin violēns\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nLatin violentiabor.\nOld French violencebor.\nMiddle English violence\nFrom Old French violence, from Latin violentia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "violens",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vyolence",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vyolens",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vyalens",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wiolence",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "violense",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "violence",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "violence (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Violence (harmful manual force) or an example of it."
],
"links": [
[
"Violence",
"violence#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A harmful force of nature; great natural force."
],
"links": [
[
"force of nature",
"force of nature"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Divine or religious force or strength."
],
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The force or power of one's feelings or mental state."
],
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"power",
"power"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Powerful or forceful movement or mobility."
],
"links": [
[
"mobility",
"mobility"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Misrule or malgovernance; abuse of authority."
],
"links": [
[
"malgovernance",
"malgovernance"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Beneficial manual force."
],
"links": [
[
"manual",
"manual"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Beneficial manual force."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The strength of an ache."
],
"links": [
[
"ache",
"ache"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The strength of an ache."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The whims of chance."
],
"links": [
[
"chance",
"chance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The whims of chance."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌviːɔlˈɛns(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌviːəlˈɛns(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/viəlˈɛns(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈviːəlɛns(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "violence"
}
Download raw JSONL data for violence meaning in Middle English (4.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (7de0cf9 and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.